SIX MONTHS INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

ON

“Radio Broadcasting”

FOR

THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF ACCOMPLISHMENT OF BACHELOR’S DEGREE IN

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING.

RAM DEVI JINDAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

AND TECHNOLOGY LALRU

SUBMITTED TO:-

Er. Ravi Kant Sharma SUBMITTED BY:-

Electronics & Communication Roll No-

100560417139

100560417147

100560417148

ECE -7th sem

CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report of industrial training on RADIO BROADCASTING is the work of Rahul Kumar,Rajesh ,Devendra who carried out training at ALL INDIARADIO SHIMLA for six weeks from 01-june-2013 to 31-dec.2014 under the supervision of undersigned.

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

Er. JITENDER GUPTA

Mr. VIKRAM CHAUHAN

SUBMITTED TO:

ECE DEPTT.

RAM DEVI JINDAL GROUP OF COLLEGES

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

There are some people, who, simply by being what they are, influence &inspire you to do things you never thought yourself capable of doing. Among these are the department engineers &their assistant officer, family, friends &God to whom I wish to extent my gratitude on the event of completing our INDUSTRIAL TRAINING.

We solicit our grateful thanks to our TRAINING AND PLACEMENT OFFICER, for giving this opportunity, encouragement and inspiration, which helped us throughout the progress of this INDUSTRIAL TRAINING.

Like the glory of the moon, we also express our heartful gratitude to the impetus provided by our training incharge Mr. VIKRAM CHAUHAN and Mr. for having extended his full encouragement and who punched our venture in the proper perspective and his kind patronage and helping us to the completion of our practical training work successfully.

We express our sincere and heartful thanks to our training head Er. JITENDER GUPTA for outlining the basic steps for binding up the TRAINING from the scratch to this final one with their experience.

We acknowledge with thanks for the kind co-operation and immense valuable guidance given by entire people at ALL INDIA RADIO,SHIMLA.

ABSTRACT

Radio broadcasting is considered as powerful way of mass communication. Radio has grown very quickly. The biggest organisation of RADIO BROADCASTING in INDIA is ALL INDIA RADIO. Radio has its own special characteristics. Its vast reach covers almost the entire country, and it has a big audience.

All India Radio has the latest technology used in the field of Radio Broadcasting. We enjoy the radio programmes and but there is a lot of engineering involved in the back end of that programme.

First of all the programme is generated in the studio and then passed to the control room, there it is processed, modulated and then uplinked and after this we receive the programme.

RADIO is the transmission of signals by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible light. Electromagnetic radiation travels by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air. Information is carried by amplitude, phase or pulse modulation techniques. And at the receiving end it is again decoded into the actual signal.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CERTIFICATE......................................................................................................................

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.....................................................................................................

ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................

TABLE OF CONTENTS......................................................................................................

1. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................

2. STUDIO SETUP...............................................................................................................

2.1. STUDIO CHAIN.................................................................................................................

2.2. OUTSIDE BROADCASTING............................................................................................

3. TYPES OF AUDIO.............................................................................................................

3.1. MONO...................................................................................................................................

3.2. DUAL MONO......................................................................................................................

3.3. STEREO...............................................................................................................................

3.4. SURROUND SOUND.........................................................................................................

4. MODULATION..................................................................................................................

5. TYPES OF MODULATION................................................................................................

5.1. ANALOG MODULATION...................................................................................................

5.2. PULSE MODULATION........................................................................................................

5.3. DIGITALMODULATION......................................................................................................

6. CAPTIVE EARTH STATION..............................................................................................

7. SATELLITE COMMUNICATION......................................................................................

8. RADIO NETWORKING TERMINAL.................................................................................

9. WAVE PROPAGATION........................................................................................................

10. TRANSMITTER......................................................................................................................

11. EARTHING TECHNIQUE...................................................................................................

12. AIRCONDITIONING.............................................................................................................

13. SATELLITE PHONE..............................................................................................................

14. CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................

15.